فصلنامه دراسات الادب المعاصر
سال چهاردهم شماره 2 (پیاپی 54، صیف 2022)

In "Shajra al-Lablab", it is narrated that the back of the face is smooth and the problems are social, cultural, economic, and moral. From problems and difficulties. The goal is to study the foundation of the narration in this narration and also to study the earthly foundation, personalities and events. Therefore; The theme of the treatment of terrestrial and internal and external disturbances, and adaptation and adaptation, as well as ground conditions for cooling and acceleration training; And summarizing, deleting and closing the cold; And the narrators and the descriptions and the like in this narration..and in the end the theme of explanation and explanation and the explanation of the dairy of the personalities in this narration. The conclusion is that the author of the narration used the above-mentioned persuasions in his wide speech and brought in his narration, a collection of the main and secondary personalities of those who also narrated the story.

The Literature, in its development journey, is subject to historical, social and cultural conditions, and children's and adolescent literature in Iran is no exception. After the Islamic Revolution, children's literature expanded and became more popular. More attention was given to criticism of children's literature. The historical criticism or Biocritical is considered one of the important theories in literary criticism because any literary work is linked to historic conditions. Therefore, we aim to analyze the works of five authors of this literature during the three decades that followed the Islamic Revolution. This is based on the opinions of major critics who adopted this method of criticism, such as Ditchz, Guerin, Emami, Zarin Kobb, etc. Based on the descriptive-analytical approach, we show the impact of historical events on the development of children's literature in the first three decades that followed the revolution. The results show that historical events and special circumstances have affected the writers' lives, and this influence was reflected in the text and content of their stories. The Revolution and war affected the first decade stories. The second decade's stories reflected the economic and social issues left by the war. The third-decade stories turned to a world more specialized in childhood literature. This world is characterized by creativity, beauty, imagination, and learning.

As the main constituent of a story, location shows the place of events and incidents, giving a complete image of a novel. Occupying a big portion of Palestinian novels, it is also essential in deepening subjects examined by Palestinian writers. A committed Palestinian writer always concerned about her occupied land, Sahar Khalifa has managed to portray some reasons for Palestinian's defeat in a romance using this element in “Hobbi Al-Avval” written in 2010. This research uses an analytical- descriptive method to analyze the role and position of the main locations of the novel, explaining the contrasts among these locations. The secondary locations effective in forming the main locations have also been examined regarding closed-ness and openness, friendliness and unfriendliness. The results show that the main locations in this novel are cities and villages, and the secondary locations are a coffeehouse, an airport, and the Ghahtaan family’s home. Out of the contrast between Nablus and Levant, she clearly illustrates the atmosphere in Palestine at the time, and the coffeehouse as a secondary but open location plays a key role in depicting the reasons for Palestinians' defeat in the story.The main tool the writer uses to display the locations in the story includes giving a detailed description of villages, nature, and villagers, with the equivocal and ornamental function having a larger portion of the novel than other descriptive functions

Stylistics is the special way in which a person formulates his thoughts, and shows what is raging inside him, and his emotions and feelings circulate in his mind. The methods may differ according to different situations and purposes, but perhaps the same purpose had many different methods. Among the characteristics of a good and sober style are: the accuracy in the choice of words, as well as that the pronunciation should be smooth and easy, and it should not come with strange, brutal words, but rather the pronunciation should be familiar and acceptable, because the goal of literature is the rapid impact on the soul. This is what we find in our poet Sheikh Al-Baha’i in his Arabic poetry, and he has tended to use the easy and familiar language by using some techniques and stylistic features that seem prominent and dominant in his poetry. As long as the poet was keen to achieve between him and his interlocutors. He adhered to the unity of the poem and its construction, an integrated artistic structure in which feelings and feelings follow, so building his poetry for him is based on emotional and psychological unity. Sheikh Bahai used the characteristics of the word in his poetry of generosity, strength, accuracy, ease, flow and resonance in proportion to its neighbors in sentences and structures, to derive from them the elements of techniques through values and his vast religious culture.Keywords: style, techniques, Sheikh Bahai, intertextuality, recall

Abd al-Karim al-Karami, nicknamed Abi Salmi, is a wonderful Palestinian poet in contemporary Arabic literature, who loves the beauty of women and sings according to the distinctive descriptions and his beautiful aesthetic views. The combination of love in poetry is a general combination between al-Hijr and al-Wasal and between reality and fantasy. In this study; Let's follow the aesthetic aspects of women and stop the position of descriptions in the whole speech of the letters that indicate femininity with a full and honest emotion, and treat the interplay between love and patriotism in poetic speech. All of these descriptions are combined in the romantic frame and he sings with dreams, knowing that he lived in Palestine and was influenced by the events of the Nakba and after the Palestinian Nakba, the poem takes new dimensions and combines the love of women with the love of the country in the field of struggle, so the poem contains a mixture of passion and the Palestinian national struggle. The woman becomes the friend of the fight and struggle. I explained during the study that the poet combines the love of the beloved and the country in the same unit, and makes the woman equivalent to the country. Abi Salmi's conception of women is profoundly evocative and effective, including the embodiment of the twofold relationship between her and the country, so the relationship is like the states of love, through which the self is united with the country.

IntroductionThe Qur'an has several levels of semantic This matter is accepted in all Islamic religions Sometimes a word in a place in the Qur'an can convey several meanings to the reader The different levels of meaning in the Qur'an have sometimes caused commentators to have multiple interpretations of a single verse The present study intends to find answers to the following questions by descriptive-analytical method based on library resources How the various meaning of words (guidance and misguidance) are crystallized in the Qur'an?How did the two interpretations of 'Al-Mizan' and 'Ruh al-Ma'ani' work in conveying the meanings of ambiguous words and phrases?Findings show that Allameh Tabatabai and Alousi did not limit themselves to the lexical meaning of words they also have other meanings for some words to provide accurate translations and guide the audience to undrestand the meaning of the phrase. Allameh Tabatabai and Alusi have used vocabulary and interpretation to find the desired meaning.